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The Enslavement of Africans Timeline The world's most heinous crime 1444 - first slaves brought to Portugal from northern Mauritania 1444-5 - Portuguese make contract with Sub-Saharan Africa 1471 - Portuguese arrive in the Gold Coast 1482 - Portuguese begin building Elmina Castle on the Gold Coast 1488 - Bartholomew Diaz goes round the Cape of Good Hope 1490 - first Portuguese missionaries go to Congo 1500 - sugar plantations established on island of Sao Tome two hundred miles from coast of West Africa 1510 - first slaves shipped to Spanish colonies in South America via Spain 1516 - Benin ceases to export male slaves, fearing loss of manpower 1532 - first direct shipment of slaves from Africa to the Americas 1780's - slave trade at its peak 1652 - Dutch establish colony at Cape of Good Hope, South Africa 1700 - Asanti begin to consolidate power 1720's - Kingdom of Dahomey expands 1776-1783 - American War of Independence 1787 - Thoughts and Sentiments on the Evil of Slavery by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano published foundation of the Society for the Abolition of Slave Trade 1789 - French Revolution Life of Olaudah Equiano published 1791 - slave uprising in Haiti (Saint Domingue) led by Toussaint L'Ouverture 1804 - - Danes pass law against slave trade Haitian independence 1807 - British law passed declaring buying, selling and transporting slaves illegal (ownership continues) 1808 - North America abolish slave trade 1814 - Dutch outlaw slave trade 1823 - founding of Anti-slavery Committee London 1834 - British law passed declaring ownership of slaves illegal 1839 - Amistad slave ship rebellion 1848 - French abolish slavery 1860-65 - American Civil War 1865 - 13th Amendment abolishes slavery in America 1869 - Portugal abolishes slavery 1886 - slavery abolished in Cuba 1888 - slavery abolished in Brazil 1873 - slave market in Zanzibar closed 1936 - slavery made illegal in Northern Nigeria

The European African Plunder Africa still suffers today as a result. 1805 - Muhamed Ali comes to power in Egypt. 1807 - British abolish slave trade 1808 - Sierra Leone declared a colony 1816 - Gambia occuped by British 1820 - British settlers land on Eastern Cape 1820-34 - Mfecane (crushing) establishes Zulus as leading kingdom in South Africa 1822 - Liberia colony established 1830 - French occupy Algiers 1834 - Slavery abolished in British Empire 1835 - Great Trek across Orange and Vaal rivers 1838 - Piet Retief killed by Dingane & Zulus & Vortrekkers in Natal. Boers beat Dingane Zulus 1842 - Britain takes Natal 1847 - Liberia declares independence. Slavery abolished throughout the French Empire 1852 - Transvaal declared independent 1854 - Louis Faidherbe conquers Senegal Valley for the French. First railway on continent in Egypt (from Alexandria) 1861 - US recognises Liberia Britain occupies Lagos 1863 - French declare Protectorate over Porto Novo (Dahomey) 1866 - French establish trading posts on Guinea Coast 1867 - First diamonds found in South Africa - Hopetown, Cape Colony 1868 - French Protectorate treaties Ivory Coast. Emperor Theodor of Ethiopia commits suicide. British annex Basutoland at invitation of King Mosheshwe 1869 - Completion of Suez Canal 1870 - Lobengula becomes king of Ndebele. Diamond rush to Griqualand South Africa 1872 - Cape Colony made self-governing 1874 - Kumasi, capital of Asanti, sacked by British 1876 - Egypt bankrupt - Anglo French control established King Leopold of Belgian founds International African Association 1877 - Britain annexes territory from Walvis Bay (modern Namibia) to Cape. Shepstone annexes Transvaal for British despite protest of Afrikaners 1878 - Berlin Congress 1879 - Zulu War 1881 - French proclaim protectorate in Tunisia Boers invade Natal and are defeated 1882 - Egypt occupied by British army after riots in Alexandria 1884 - USA recognises Congo Free State 1885 - First telegraph cable laid between West Africa and Europe Mahdi takes Khartoum, death of Governor General Gordon Germany annexes East Africa British declared Protectorate over Bechuanaland Bishop Hannington murdered on order of Kabaka (king) of Buganda 1886 - Christians put to death in Buganda by Kabaka (king) Mwanga 1890 - Dunlop invents the pneumatic tyre 1894 - Uganda made Protectorate 1896 - Asantehene (king of Asanti) forced into exile by British Chimurenga war breaks out in Southern Africa 1897 - Khartoum retaken for British by Lord Kitchener 1899 - Kabaka (king) of Buganda and Kabarega (king) of Banyoro sent into exile by British 1904 - 50,000 Herero driven into desert by Germans and die 1912 - ANC established as South African Native Congress Trade in fire arms forbidden by Portuguese in Angola Liga Angolana established 1914 - Outbreak World War I 1916 - Tax riots in Yorubaland (Nigeria)